Are Expired COVID-19 Self-Tests Still Accurate?
Published: 2026/01/17 15:59:43
As we navigate the ongoing presence of COVID-19, many individuals are relying on at-home self-tests for quick and convenient results. But what happens when you find a box of tests tucked away that’s past its expiration date? Are they still reliable, or are you risking a false negative? This article explores the accuracy of expired COVID-19 self-tests and provides guidance on when to trust the results and when to seek further confirmation.
Understanding COVID-19 and Testing
COVID-19 is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, first identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) in December 2019 [[2]]. Rapid antigen self-tests detect specific proteins from the virus, providing results in as little as 15 minutes. These tests are a valuable tool for identifying infection quickly, allowing individuals to take appropriate precautions to prevent further spread [[1]].
The Impact of Expiration Dates
Expiration dates on COVID-19 self-tests aren’t necessarily about the test becoming wholly useless. Instead, they indicate the period during which the manufacturer can guarantee the test’s performance – specifically, its ability to accurately detect the virus. The expiration date reflects the stability of the test’s reagents, the substances that react with the virus to produce a positive result.
What Happens When a Test Expires?
over time, these reagents can degrade, potentially leading to:
- False Negatives: The test may not detect the virus even if you are infected.This is the primary concern with expired tests.
- reduced Sensitivity: the test might be less capable of detecting low viral loads, meaning it could miss infections in the early stages.
- False Positives: While less common, degradation can sometimes lead to inaccurate positive results.
When Can You Still Trust an Expired Test?
The Food and drug Administration (FDA) has acknowledged that some tests may remain accurate for a period after their expiration date. However, the extent of this accuracy varies depending on the specific test and how it has been stored. Generally:
- Short Expiration Extension: Tests that are only a few weeks or months past their expiration date are more likely to still be reliable, especially if stored properly.
- Proper Storage is Key: Tests stored in cool, dry conditions are more likely to maintain their accuracy longer than those exposed to heat or humidity.
Though, it’s crucial to understand that relying on an expired test carries inherent risk. if you receive a negative result on an expired test, especially if you have symptoms or have been exposed to someone with COVID-19, it’s best to confirm the result with a more reliable method.
Confirming Results and Alternatives
If you’re concerned about the accuracy of an expired self-test, consider these alternatives:
- PCR Test: Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) tests are considered the gold standard for COVID-19 detection. They are highly accurate and can detect even small amounts of the virus.
- Newer Self-Test: Obtain a test that is within its expiration date.
- Professional Testing: Visit a healthcare provider or testing center for a professionally administered test.
Global Efforts to Combat COVID-19
The World Health Organization (WHO) continues to collaborate with global experts and governments to track the spread and severity of COVID-19 and provide guidance on protective measures [[3]].Staying informed and following public health recommendations remains vital in mitigating the impact of the virus.
Key Takeaways
- Expiration dates on COVID-19 self-tests indicate the period of guaranteed performance.
- Expired tests may produce false negatives due to reagent degradation.
- Proper storage can help maintain accuracy for a limited time after expiration.
- Confirm negative results from expired tests with a PCR test or a new self-test.
