The Rise of Wireless Backhaul: How Microwave Technology is Powering the Future of 5G and 6G Networks
For decades,fiber optic cables have been the gold standard for backhaul infrastructure - the critical link connecting cell towers to the core network. though, a significant shift is underway. New research from Ericsson reveals that wireless backhaul, specifically microwave technology, is rapidly gaining ground, poised to achieve a near-equal split with fiber by 2030. this evolution isn’t just a technological preference; itS a strategic necessity for supporting the burgeoning demands of 5G, preparing for the arrival of 6G, and optimizing network performance in a dynamic telecom landscape.
From Fiber Dominance to a Wireless-Wired Future
Ericsson’s annual Microwave Outlook Report highlights a compelling trend: microwave backhaul currently supports a remarkable 75% of all live 5G networks globally. The installed base of microwave transceivers has already surpassed 10.5 million as 2022, demonstrating a clear and accelerating adoption rate. While fiber currently holds a slight lead at 51% of the market, the forecast predicts a 49/51 split in favor of microwave by 2030.
This isn’t about replacing fiber entirely. Instead, it’s about recognizing the unique advantages microwave offers – notably in terms of speed of deployment, cost-effectiveness, and adaptability. Fiber deployment can be time-consuming and expensive, requiring significant civil engineering work. Microwave, conversely, offers a faster, more flexible solution, especially in challenging terrains or areas where fiber infrastructure is limited.
Why Microwave is Crucial for 5G and Beyond
The increasing reliance on microwave technology is directly tied to the escalating demands of modern networks. 5G, with its promise of ultra-low latency and massive connectivity, requires a robust and scalable backhaul infrastructure. Looking ahead, the anticipated bandwidth requirements of 6G will only amplify this need.
Ericsson’s research points to several key factors driving this shift:
* Emerging Spectrum: The availability of new spectrum bands – specifically W- and D-bands - is unlocking significant capacity. These bands offer vast resources and technical capabilities comparable to the established E-band, providing operators with more options for expanding their networks.
* E-band expansion: Deployments in the E-band (above 38GHz) are surging, particularly in markets like India, demonstrating the viability and benefits of millimeter wave technology.
* AI-Powered Network Management: The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing network management. Companies like O2 Telefónica Germany are pioneering the use of AI for preventative maintenance, enabling proactive identification and resolution of issues before they impact performance. This translates to increased reliability,reduced operational costs,and an improved customer experience.
* Millimeter Wave (mmWave) Advancements: Innovations in mmWave technology,coupled with sophisticated network simulations,are allowing operators to effectively double backhaul capacity - reaching up to 20Gbps – often without the need for costly hardware upgrades.
cost-effective Capacity Boosts with Smart Spectrum Utilization
Ericsson’s simulations reveal a particularly compelling strategy for maximizing capacity: utilizing a 2,000MHz E-band channel with cross-polarization interference cancellation. In tests conducted across three European cities, this approach allowed 96% of existing links to seamlessly double their capacity. Even with less optimal configurations, operators can still achieve a capacity increase at 79% of sites.
this demonstrates a significant advantage of microwave technology: the ability to deliver substantial performance gains without massive capital expenditure. the key lies in smart spectrum utilization and leveraging the power of AI-driven optimization.
A Resurgence in North America and a Global Trend
While fiber has traditionally dominated backhaul in North American markets, the US is now witnessing a renewed investment in microwave infrastructure. This resurgence is fueled by the demand for faster adoption of advanced microwave services for both fixed and mobile connectivity.
This trend isn’t limited to specific regions. Globally, service providers are recognizing the strategic value of microwave technology as a critical component of their future-proof network strategies.
Looking Ahead: Agility and Adaptability in a Changing Telecom Landscape
Mikael Öhberg, Head of Microwave at Ericsson, emphasizes the growing significance of microwave in evolving backhaul networks.”With continuous expansion in E-band deployments and the anticipated rise of W- and D-bands, service providers will benefit from more spectrum, innovative technology and unified management enabled by AI,” he states. “The path forward promises not only increased capacity and lower operational costs, but also the agility to adapt
