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Malaria Resurgence in Ethiopia: A Deep Dive into Rising Cases and Future Strategies
The fight against malaria,a mosquito-borne disease that continues to plague global health,has witnessed a concerning shift in Ethiopia. While significant progress was made in reducing malaria’s impact over the past decade, recent data indicates a troubling reversal of this positive trend. this article provides an in-depth analysis of the escalating malaria incidence in Ethiopia, exploring the factors contributing to this resurgence, the current state of control efforts, and potential strategies for regaining lost ground. Understanding the complexities of this situation is crucial, especially given the World Health Organization’s (WHO) recent report (November 2024) highlighting a global stagnation in malaria reduction efforts, wiht sub-Saharan Africa bearing the brunt of the challenge.
The Reversal of Progress: A Growing Crisis
For approximately fifteen years, Ethiopia demonstrated remarkable success in combating malaria, achieving significant reductions in both the number of infections and related deaths. Dr. Fitsum G. Tadesse, a Wellcome Trust Research Fellow at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) and head of a substantial research team at the Armauer Hansen Research Institute (AHRI) in Addis Ababa, observed this positive trajectory firsthand. He noted that Ethiopia’s performance was particularly noteworthy during this period. However, this encouraging pattern began to falter around 2019.
Fitsum G Tadesse: “Over the last one and a half decades we have seen malaria incidence, morbidity, and mortality decreasing. Ethiopia was performing phenomenally. But, sence 2019, that trend has reversed, and regrettably, it’s now moving in the wrong direction.”
The statistics paint a stark picture. In 2019, Ethiopia reported approximately 960,000 malaria cases. By 2025, this number has surged to an alarming 9.7 million – a more than tenfold increase. This dramatic escalation represents a significant public health crisis, placing immense strain on the Ethiopian healthcare system and jeopardizing the well-being of millions. This increase coincides with broader regional trends; a study published in *The Lancet* (October 2024) indicated a 30% rise in malaria cases across East Africa in the last three years,linked to climate change and insecticide resistance.
Did You Know? Ethiopia accounts for approximately 5% of all malaria cases globally,making it one of the most affected countries in Africa.
Factors Fueling the Malaria Resurgence
Several interconnected factors are believed to be driving the resurgence of malaria in Ethiopia.These include:
Climate Change and Environmental Factors
Changing weather patterns, particularly increased rainfall and flooding in traditionally drier regions, have expanded the breeding grounds for mosquitoes. The Ethiopian national Meteorological Agency reported in September 2025 that rainfall levels in malaria-prone areas have increased by 15-20% compared to the average over the past decade. This creates ideal conditions for mosquito proliferation, leading to higher transmission rates. Furthermore, deforestation and land-use changes contribute to habitat disruption, bringing humans into closer contact with mosquito vectors.
