The response to public demonstrations is a critical test of any government’s commitment to human rights and the rule of law. Recent events have highlighted a disturbing trend: the escalating use of force against individuals exercising their basic freedoms. It’s a situation that demands careful examination, especially as we move further into 2026.
I’ve found that understanding the nuances of these rights is crucial for both citizens and those in positions of authority. Peaceful assembly and the ability to voice dissent are cornerstones of a just society, and protecting these rights requires a delicate balance between maintaining order and respecting individual liberties.
the Right to Peaceful Assembly and Dissent
The right to peaceful assembly is enshrined in international law, including the Global Declaration of Human Rights.This isn’t simply a theoretical concept; it’s a practical necessity for a functioning democracy.You need to be able to gather, protest, and express your views without fear of reprisal.
However, this right isn’t absolute. Governments can impose restrictions, but only when those restrictions are necessary and proportionate to achieve a legitimate aim, such as preventing violence or protecting the rights of others. the key word here is proportionate
.
Did You Know? According to a report released by amnesty International in November 2025, over 70 countries worldwide have imposed restrictions on the right to peaceful assembly in the past year, frequently enough citing security concerns.
The Use of Lethal Force
The use of lethal force by authorities against protesters is a notably grave concern. International human rights standards dictate that such force should only be used as a last resort, when there is an imminent threat of death or serious injury. It’s a high bar, and one that must be met with rigorous justification.
Arbitrary detention is another troubling tactic. Holding individuals simply for exercising their right to protest is a clear violation of international law. It chills free expression and undermines the very foundations of a democratic society.
Here’s what works best: openness and accountability. When authorities use force, there must be independent investigations to determine whether it was justified and proportionate. Those responsible for abuses must be held accountable.
International Human Rights law and State obligations
International human rights law provides a robust framework for protecting these fundamental freedoms. States have a legal obligation to respect, protect, and fulfill these rights for all individuals within their jurisdiction. This means not only refraining from violating these rights themselves but also taking positive steps to ensure that others do not.
The United Nations plays a vital role in monitoring and promoting human rights around the world. Special Rapporteurs and other independent experts investigate alleged violations and make recommendations to governments. Concerned governments also have a responsibility to use their influence to advocate for human rights.
Pro







