Multistate Listeria Outbreak Linked to Deli Meats Prompts CDC Investigation
Health officials are investigating a multistate outbreak of Listeria monocytogenes infections linked to meats sliced at deli counters across the United States. As of November 19, 2024, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports 61 confirmed cases in 19 states, with the first illnesses reported in May 2024. The outbreak has resulted in significant illness, with 60 of those affected requiring hospitalization, and tragically, ten deaths have been reported across several states, including Illinois, New Jersey, New York, Virginia, Florida, Tennessee, New Mexico, and South Carolina. While the outbreak appears to be over as of January 30, 2025, public health officials are emphasizing continued vigilance, particularly for individuals at higher risk.
The investigation, conducted in collaboration with state public health departments and the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Food Safety and Inspection Service (USDA-FSIS), has identified meats sliced at deli counters, including Boar’s Head brand liverwurst, as the likely source of the contamination. Epidemiologic, laboratory, and traceback data all point to this conclusion. However, the investigation is ongoing to pinpoint the specific deli meats responsible and prevent further illnesses. This outbreak underscores the potential risks associated with ready-to-eat deli meats and the importance of safe food handling practices.
Understanding Listeria and the Risks
Listeria monocytogenes is a bacterium that can cause a serious infection called invasive listeriosis. Unlike many foodborne illnesses, Listeria can continue to grow even in refrigerated temperatures, making it a particular concern for deli meats. The CDC explains that the bacteria can spread beyond the gut to other parts of the body, leading to severe complications. Certain populations are particularly vulnerable to severe illness from Listeria, including pregnant women, individuals aged 65 or older, and those with weakened immune systems.
The symptoms of Listeria infection can vary. For those who are not pregnant, symptoms typically include fever, muscle aches, headache, stiff neck, confusion, loss of balance, and convulsions. However, pregnant individuals often experience milder symptoms like fever, fatigue, and muscle aches. Despite the milder initial symptoms, Listeria infection during pregnancy carries significant risks, potentially leading to miscarriage, stillbirth, premature delivery, or life-threatening infection of the newborn. Symptoms generally begin between one and four weeks after consuming contaminated food, but can appear as early as the same day or as late as 70 days after exposure.
The Scope of the Outbreak and Geographic Distribution
The CDC’s investigation revealed that, as of November 19, 2024, cases had been reported from 19 states. While the initial reports indicated 28 cases and two deaths as of July 19, 2024, the CDC’s latest update shows a significantly larger scale. The states affected include Illinois and New Jersey, where the two initial deaths were reported, as well as other locations across the country. The agency acknowledges that the true number of illnesses is likely higher, as many people recover without seeking medical care and are therefore not included in official case counts. The CDC also notes that recent illnesses may not yet be reported due to the time lag involved in confirming outbreak-related cases.
Interviews with individuals who became ill revealed a strong association between consuming meats sliced at deli counters and contracting the infection. Specifically, 16 out of 18 interviewed individuals (89%) reported eating deli meats sliced at deli counters. This finding has focused the investigation on deli counters as the primary source of the outbreak. However, health officials emphasize that they currently do not have evidence to suggest that prepackaged deli meats are a source of infection.
What Consumers Should Do to Protect Themselves
The CDC offers clear guidance for consumers, particularly those at higher risk, to minimize their risk of Listeria infection. Individuals who are pregnant, 65 years or older, or have weakened immune systems should avoid eating meats sliced at deli counters unless they are heated to an internal temperature of 165°F (74°C) or until steaming hot immediately before serving. This heating process effectively kills the Listeria bacteria.
Beyond heating deli meats, the CDC recommends thorough cleaning of refrigerators, containers, and surfaces that may have come into contact with sliced deli meats. This helps prevent the spread of the bacteria within the kitchen environment. Anyone experiencing symptoms of Listeria infection, especially after consuming deli meats, should promptly contact their healthcare provider. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing the infection and preventing severe complications.
Industry Guidance and Ongoing Investigation
The USDA-FSIS is working with businesses to reinforce best practices for controlling Listeria contamination in deli areas. These practices include rigorous sanitation procedures, proper food handling techniques, and regular monitoring for the presence of the bacteria. The ongoing investigation aims to identify the specific deli meat products that may be contaminated and to implement measures to prevent future outbreaks.
The New Jersey Department of Health (NJDOH) has been closely involved in the investigation, collaborating with the CDC and USDA-FSIS to understand the outbreak and protect public health. The NJDOH emphasizes the importance of following CDC guidelines and staying informed about the latest updates on the outbreak.
Key Takeaways
- A multistate Listeria outbreak linked to deli meats has sickened 61 people and caused 10 deaths.
- Individuals at higher risk – pregnant women, seniors, and those with weakened immune systems – should exercise extra caution.
- Heating deli meats to 165°F or steaming hot before consumption significantly reduces the risk of infection.
- Thorough cleaning of kitchen surfaces and containers is essential to prevent the spread of Listeria.
As of March 11, 2026, the CDC continues to monitor for any new cases potentially linked to this outbreak strain of Listeria monocytogenes. Consumers are encouraged to stay informed about food safety alerts and follow recommended precautions. For the most up-to-date information, please visit the CDC’s Listeria outbreak webpage: https://www.cdc.gov/listeria/outbreaks/delimeats-7-24/index.html. We encourage readers to share this information with their communities and to discuss any concerns with their healthcare providers.