Ukrainian Refugee Protection in the EU: A November 2025 Update
As of November 30, 2025, over 4.33 million individuals who fled Ukraine were benefiting from temporary protection status within the European Union. Recent data reveals a modest 0.7% increase – equivalent to 30,615 peopel – compared to the end of October 2025. Understanding the dynamics of refugee protection is crucial, especially as geopolitical landscapes shift and humanitarian needs evolve.
Germany continues to host the largest number of beneficiaries, with 1.241 million people representing 28.7% of the total EU figure. Poland follows closely, providing refuge to 968,750 individuals, or 22.4% of the total.The Czech Republic is also a significant host nation, supporting 392,670 beneficiaries, which accounts for 9.1% of the EU total. These numbers highlight the uneven distribution of responsibility across member states.
The vast majority – 98.4% – of those receiving temporary protection are Ukrainian nationals.Within this group, adult women comprise 43.6% of the beneficiaries, while minors account for 30.7%, and adult men represent just over a quarter (25.7%) of the total. This demographic breakdown underscores the disproportionate impact of the conflict on women and children.
Interestingly, the number of individuals receiving protection increased in 21 out of 26 EU countries for which data is available. The most significant absolute increases were observed in Germany (+11,040, +0.9%), Poland (+3,745, +0.4%), and Spain (+2,810, +1.1%).these increases suggest ongoing displacement and a continued need for support.
Conversely, five EU countries experienced declines in the number of beneficiaries. France saw a decrease of 870 individuals (-1.6%), and Lithuania recorded a reduction of 575 (-1.1%). These fluctuations could be attributed to various factors, including returns to Ukraine or onward migration.
In November 2025, the monthly number of new temporary protection decisions across the EU reached 53,735. This represents a decrease of 32.5% compared to September and 27.8% compared to October 2025. This downward trend aligns with a late-August 2025 decree from the Ukrainian government, which granted men aged 18-22 the freedom to leave the contry without restrictions.This policy shift likely influenced the number of new applications for temporary protection.
When considering the number of beneficiaries per thousand residents,the Czech Republic leads with 36.0, followed by Poland (26.5) and slovakia (25.7). The EU-wide average stands at 9.6 per thousand people, as reported by the EU’s statistical office. These figures offer a comparative perspective on the burden-sharing efforts across the EU.
Did You Know? The temporary protection directive, activated in March 2022, provides immediate and collective protection to displaced persons from non-EU countries in the event of a mass influx, offering rights such as access to healthcare, education, and employment.
Looking ahead, it’s important to consider the long-term implications of this displacement. Will these individuals eventually return to Ukraine, or will they seek to integrate into their host countries? The answer will depend on a multitude of factors, including the evolving security situation in Ukraine, economic opportunities in host countries, and the availability of support services.
Moreover, the EU’s response to this crisis has highlighted the importance of solidarity and cooperation among member states. Continued coordination and resource sharing will be essential to ensure that all refugees receive the protection and assistance they need. Effective integration programs are also vital for enabling refugees to rebuild their lives and contribute to their
