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Nepal’s Crackdown on Protests: A Grave Violation of Rights, Amnesty International Warns
Kathmandu, Nepal – September 8, 2025 – Amnesty International has issued a strong condemnation of the Nepalese authorities’ response to widespread youth-led protests against corruption and a recent social media ban, following reports of at least nineteen deaths and over 100 injuries. The escalating violence, involving the use of both lethal and less-lethal force, demands immediate examination and accountability, the association asserts.”The scenes coming out of Nepal are deeply disturbing,” stated Nirajan Thapaliya, director of amnesty International Nepal.”The unlawful deployment of force against peaceful protestors – many of them from Generation Z exercising their basic rights – is unacceptable.Law enforcement agencies must adhere to international standards, utilizing force only as a last resort, proportionally, and with the utmost caution to minimize harm.”
Escalation and Excessive Force
The protests erupted following the government’s september 4th ban on major social media platforms, including Facebook, X (formerly Twitter), and others, citing non-compliance with new registration directives issued under the “Directives for Managing the Use of Social Networks, 2023.” These directives have been widely criticized as a thinly veiled attempt to stifle dissent and control the flow of information.
On September 8th, thousands of protestors, predominantly young people, took to the streets across nepal, demanding an end to systemic corruption and the immediate lifting of the social media ban. The situation reached a critical point when some protestors entered the restricted zone surrounding Parliament. The response from police was swift and severe, employing water cannons, tear gas, rubber bullets, and, alarmingly, live ammunition. This resulted in the tragic loss of at least nineteen lives and left hundreds injured, many with serious wounds.
International Law and the Right to Protest
Amnesty International emphasizes that the use of lethal force against protestors who do not pose an imminent threat to life or serious injury constitutes a grave violation of international human rights law. This principle is enshrined in fundamental documents such as Article 3 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, guaranteeing the right to life, liberty, and security of person, and Article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, which affirms the inherent right to life.
The UN Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Firearms by Law Enforcement Officials are unequivocal: firearms should only be deployed in self-defense or to defend others against an imminent threat of death or serious injury. The actions of the Nepalese authorities appear to fall far short of these standards.
Call for Accountability and de-escalation
Amnesty International is urgently calling for:
Immediate De-escalation: A cessation of violence and a commitment to peaceful dialogue with protestors.
Autonomous Investigation: A thorough, independent, and impartial investigation into the deaths and injuries sustained during the protests. This investigation must be free from political interference and must identify all those responsible for unlawful use of force.
Accountability: Full accountability for those found responsible for human rights violations, including through criminal prosecution. Reparations: Comprehensive and effective reparations for victims of unlawful force and their families, including medical care, psychological support, and financial compensation.
Respect for Freedom of Expression: The immediate lifting of the ban on social media platforms and a commitment to upholding the right to freedom of expression, both online and offline.
Genuine Dialogue: The government must engage in meaningful dialogue with youth representatives to address their concerns regarding corruption and civil liberties.
“The government of Nepal must recognize and respect the fundamental rights of its citizens to peacefully protest and express their grievances,” Thapaliya added. “Rather of resorting to reckless violence, authorities should listen to the legitimate demands for openness, accountability, and respect for civil liberties.The future of Nepal depends on it.”
Background on the Social Media Ban
The September 4th ban on social media platforms was justified by the government as a measure to combat “cybercrime” and maintain social order. However,critics argue that the ban is a deliberate attempt to suppress dissent and control the narrative surrounding growing public dissatisfaction with corruption and governance. The new regulations require social media companies to register with