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Syntax: define() to define modules and asynchronous loading.
Use⁤ Cases: Widely used in browser-based applications, especially before ES modules became prevalent.
Example:

javascript
    // moduleA.js
    define(function() {
      return function() {
        console.log("Hello from Module A!");
      };
    });

    // moduleB.js
    define(['./moduleA'], function(moduleA) {
      moduleA();
    });
    

3. Universal​ Module Definition (UMD)

UMD aims to be compatible with both CommonJS and AMD, providing a single module format that works⁢ in various environments. It attempts to detect the ​module⁢ system and adapt accordingly.

Syntax: A wrapper function that checks for different module environments.
Use Cases: Useful for creating libraries that need to work in both Node.js and the browser.

4. ECMAScript Modules (ESM)

The official standard module system ⁢for JavaScript, introduced with ES6 (ES2015). ESM uses static analysis to⁢ determine module dependencies, enabling optimizations and better performance.

Syntax: import to import modules and export to export. Use Cases: Increasingly becoming the preferred module format for ⁤modern JavaScript development.
* ​ ‍ Example:

javascript
    // moduleA.js
    export function sayHello() {
      console.log("Hello from Module A!");
    }

    // moduleB.js
    import { sayHello } from './moduleA.js';
    sayHello();
    

How Module Loaders Work:‍ A Closer Look

Module loaders typically perform these⁢ key functions