Navigating Democratic Challenges: The Role of the PACE in a Shifting Europe
The landscape of European politics is undergoing a period of notable conversion, marked by rising concerns about democratic erosion and the upholding of fundamental rights. as of September 19, 2025, the Council of Europe, a cornerstone of post-war continental cooperation, finds itself at a critical juncture. Central to understanding its current trajectory is the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE), an institution often described as the organization’s primary engine for political discourse. This article delves into the function of PACE, its effectiveness in addressing democratic backsliding amongst its 46 member states, and the mechanisms it employs to ensure adherence to core values.
Understanding the council of Europe and PACE’s Function
Founded in 1949, the Council of Europe predates the European Union and boasts a broader membership, encompassing nations stretching from Iceland to georgia. Its primary mission is to promote human rights,democracy,and the rule of law across the continent. PACE, established as the parliamentary dimension of the Council, serves as a unique platform where parliamentarians from these diverse nations convene to debate pressing issues, formulate recommendations, and scrutinize the actions of member states.
| Feature | Council of Europe | PACE |
|---|---|---|
| Founded | 1949 | 1949 (as part of CoE) |
| Membership | 46 Member States | Parliamentary Delegations from 46 Member States |
| Primary Focus | Human Rights, Democracy, Rule of Law | Parliamentary Diplomacy, Scrutiny of Member States |
| Key Instruments | Conventions (e.g., European Convention on Human Rights) | Resolutions, Recommendations, Monitoring Procedures |
Recently, a report by the Bertelsmann Stiftung’s Transformation Index (BTI) https://www.bti-index.org/ (September 2024) highlighted a concerning trend: democratic quality is stagnating or declining in a significant number of European countries. This underscores the increasing relevance of PACE’s role in safeguarding democratic principles.
The Challenge of Democratic Backsliding
Did You Know? The term “democratic backsliding” refers to the gradual deterioration of democratic institutions and norms within a country, often characterized by restrictions on civil liberties, weakening of the judiciary, and erosion of electoral integrity.
The concept of “democratic backsliding” isn’t merely academic; it’s a tangible reality impacting several council of Europe member states. Instances of media suppression, limitations on non-governmental organizations, and politically motivated judicial interventions have raised alarms. The situation in Poland, for exmaple, with concerns over judicial independence raised by the European Commission in 2023 and 2024, exemplifies this trend. Similarly, Hungary has faced scrutiny regarding its media landscape and restrictions on academic freedom.
During a recent interview on September 12, 2025, Theodoros Rousopoulos, the President of PACE, acknowledged these challenges.He stated that the assembly is actively working to address these issues, emphasizing the importance of constructive dialog and parliamentary diplomacy. Though, a critical question remains: is PACE equipped to effectively counter these trends, especially when the backsliding occurs within member states themselves?
PACE’s Instruments for Upholding Democratic Standards
PACE possesses a range of tools designed to address violations of the Council of Europe’s core principles. These include:
* Monitoring Procedures: PACE appoints rapporteurs to monitor the human rights situation and democratic practices in specific member states.These rapporteurs submit regular reports to the assembly, highlighting areas of concern and recommending corrective measures.
* Resolutions and Recommendations: The assembly can adopt resolutions and recommendations,urging member states to address identified shortcomings. While not legally binding, these documents carry significant political weight and can exert considerable pressure.
* Debates and Hearings: PACE organizes debates and hearings on relevant topics, providing a platform for parliamentarians, experts, and civil society representatives to exchange views and raise awareness.
* sanctions (Limited): The most