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javascript
    // moduleA.js
    define(function() {
      return function() {
        console.log("Hello from Module A!");
      };
    });

    // moduleB.js
    define(['./moduleA'], function(moduleA) {
      moduleA();
    });
    

Universal Module Definition (UMD)

UMD aims to be‍ compatible with both CommonJS and AMD, providing a single module format that works in various environments. It attempts to detect the module system and adapt⁤ accordingly.

Syntax: A wrapper function that checks for different module environments.
Use Cases: Useful for creating libraries that need to work in both Node.js‍ and the browser.

ECMAScript Modules (ESM)

The official standardized module system for JavaScript,introduced with‍ ES6 (ES2015). ESM uses static analysis for dependency resolution and supports both synchronous and asynchronous loading.

Syntax: import and export keywords.
Use Cases: The preferred module format for modern JavaScript development.
Example:

javascript
    // moduleA.js
    export function sayHello() {
      console.log("Hello from Module A!");
    }

    // moduleB.js
    import { sayHello } from './moduleA.js';
    sayHello();
    

While the module formats define how code is structured, module loaders and bundlers are the tools that implement*