Spain’s Demographic Shift: Why Women are Delaying Motherhood – and What’s Being Done About It
Spain is experiencing a significant demographic shift. A record number of women are delaying motherhood, coupled with a declining birth rate and a surge in assisted reproductive technologies. This isn’t simply a matter of personal choice; it’s a complex issue rooted in socio-economic realities and evolving societal priorities. Let’s delve into the factors driving this trend and what it means for the future of families in spain.
The Declining Number of Young Mothers
The age at which Spanish women are becoming mothers is steadily increasing. Historically, the vast majority of mothers were under 35. Now, onyl six out of ten are, a dramatic change from the nearly nine in ten recorded 50 years ago.
In regions like Galicia, the Basque Country, and Cantabria, nearly half of all births are now to mothers over 40.This shift is concerning, as fertility naturally declines with age, increasing the challenges of conception.
A Rise in Fertility Treatments & Egg Freezing
Facing these biological realities, many Spanish women are proactively exploring options to preserve their fertility. We’re seeing a boom in:
* Egg freezing: The number of women freezing their eggs has increased almost thirtyfold in just over a decade, reaching 5,001 in 2024.
* Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART): Demand for IVF and other fertility treatments is rising.
* Fertility Clinics: The number of clinics offering these services is expanding to meet the growing need.
Essentially, women are attempting to “buy time,” allowing them to focus on establishing their careers and financial stability before starting a family.
“Structural Infertility”: The Underlying Issues
While individual choices play a role, experts point to a phenomenon called “structural infertility.” This refers to the systemic barriers that make it challenging to both conceive and raise children. these include:
* Low Salaries: Spain struggles with relatively low wages, particularly for young professionals.
* Job Insecurity: Precarious employment contracts are common, making financial planning difficult.
* Affordable Housing: The cost of housing, especially in major cities, is a significant burden.
* Workplace Discrimination: Mothers often face challenges in the workplace, hindering career progression.
* Limited Government Support: Insufficient incentives and subsidies for childcare and parental leave exacerbate the problem.
These factors create an unfavorable environment, leading many women to postpone motherhood indefinitely.
The Desire vs.Reality Gap
Despite the challenges, the desire to have children remains strong.
* 72% of spanish women aged 25-29 want to have two or more children.
* Almost half of women over 45 express a wish they had become mothers.
However, the reality paints a diffrent picture. Spain currently has the lowest birth rate in the European Union, with women averaging just 1.1 children. This discrepancy – the gap between desired and actual birth rates – is the core issue that needs addressing, according to dr. Elisa Gil, a reproductive medicine specialist.
The Cost of Assisted reproduction
Access to fertility treatments isn’t equal. While some IVF is available through the public health system, it’s not guaranteed. Private IVF treatment can cost between €3,500 and €7,000 or more, putting it out of reach for many. this financial barrier further complicates the situation for those wanting to start a family.
A Changing Family Structure
Spain’s demographic trends aren’t isolated. The traditional family structure is evolving globally. However, Spain serves as a clear example of the pressures facing modern women as they navigate career aspirations, financial stability, and the desire to build a family.
This is a paradoxical situation, and one that requires a multi-faceted approach. Addressing the underlying socio-economic issues, improving access to affordable childcare, and providing greater support for working parents are crucial steps toward creating a more family-kind environment in Spain.
Further Reading:
* [How much does it cost to have IVF in Spain?](https://www.thelocal.es/20251127/how-much-does-it-cost-to-do-ivf-in-
