For many, winter conjures images of crisp mountain air, exhilarating descents, and cozy evenings by the fire. But for individuals living with Type 1 diabetes, participating in winter sports requires careful planning and awareness. The good news? It’s absolutely possible – and increasingly common – to enjoy the slopes, the cross-country trails, and all the winter wonderland has to offer. In fact, athletes like Hannah Schmidt and Anna Fernstädtová are demonstrating that a Type 1 diabetes diagnosis doesn’t preclude achieving elite athletic success, even on the world stage.
The upcoming 2026 Winter Olympics in Italy will showcase this reality, with ski-cross athlete Hannah Schmidt and skeleton pilot Anna Fernstädtová both competing while managing their chronic condition. This visibility is helping to dismantle misconceptions and inspire others with Type 1 diabetes to pursue their passions, including active lifestyles. The key, experts say, lies in understanding how physical activity impacts blood glucose levels and proactively managing the interplay between exercise, insulin, and nutrition. This is particularly crucial in colder temperatures, which can affect both the body’s response to insulin and the functionality of medical devices.
Managing Blood Glucose During Winter Sports
Maintaining stable blood glucose levels during winter sports requires a proactive approach. Unlike some assumptions, physical activity generally *lowers* blood glucose, especially during sustained, moderate-intensity exercise like skiing or snowboarding. However, high-intensity bursts or stressful situations can cause levels to rise. Frequent blood glucose monitoring is essential. Individuals should check their levels before, during, and after activity, paying close attention to trends and adjusting insulin and carbohydrate intake accordingly. Having readily available fast-acting carbohydrates, such as glucose tablets or gels, is also crucial to address potential hypoglycemia (low blood sugar).
Professor Dr. Othmar Moser, head of the Research Group for Sports Physiology, Exercise Science & Exercise Therapy at the University of Graz, emphasizes the importance of understanding individual responses. “People with Type 1 diabetes can enjoy winter sports and the social gatherings afterward just as much as anyone else,” he states. In an interview with diabetesDE, Moser explains that success hinges on understanding one’s glucose patterns, consciously adjusting insulin and carbohydrate intake, and diligently monitoring technology like continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) and insulin pumps.
The Role of Automated Insulin Delivery Systems
Automated Insulin Delivery (AID) systems, often referred to as “artificial pancreases,” can be valuable tools for individuals with Type 1 diabetes participating in winter sports. These systems automatically adjust insulin delivery based on CGM readings, helping to maintain stable blood glucose levels. However, Moser cautions against relying on them as a fully automated solution. “An AID system is a great training partner, but not an autopilot,” he explains. During activity, it’s vital to carefully observe sensor values and be prepared to manually adjust carbohydrate intake if needed. For example, if glucose levels drop below 126 mg/dl (7.0 mmol/l), quickly consuming fast-acting carbohydrates, like glucose tablets, is recommended, particularly in cold weather.
It’s key to remember that overcorrection with carbohydrates can lead to a subsequent rise in blood glucose and require increased insulin. A balanced approach and careful monitoring are key. Data from over 420,000 training sessions involving 3,248 people with Type 1 diabetes demonstrate the positive impact of well-planned physical activity on glucose control, according to Moser’s research.
Protecting Technology in Cold Weather
Cold temperatures can significantly impact the performance of medical devices used to manage Type 1 diabetes. Batteries lose power more quickly in the cold, and insulin pumps and CGMs may malfunction if exposed to extreme temperatures. To mitigate these risks, individuals should carry their devices close to the body, under layers of clothing, to benefit from body heat. Bringing extra batteries, also kept warm, is highly recommended. Devices should only be briefly exposed to the cold when necessary for monitoring or adjustments.
Beyond device function, the cold itself can pose challenges. Exposure to cold can strain the circulatory system, and adequate warmth, well-fitting footwear, and regular breaks are essential.
Considerations for Après-Ski and Socializing
After a day on the slopes, many enjoy relaxing with a drink at a ski lodge. While alcohol isn’t strictly off-limits for people with diabetes, moderation is crucial. Health professionals generally recommend no more than 10 grams of alcohol per day for women and 20 grams for men. Regular glucose monitoring is essential, and carbohydrate intake should be adjusted as needed to prevent hypoglycemia. The combination of alcohol and exercise can have unpredictable effects on blood glucose, so vigilance is paramount.
Supporting Young Athletes: The Diabetes-Kids-Ski-Event
The success of athletes like Hannah Schmidt and Anna Fernstädtová is inspiring a new generation of young people with Type 1 diabetes to pursue their athletic dreams. The “Diabetes-Kids-Ski-Event,” scheduled from March 21st to 28th, 2026, provides a supportive environment for children and families to enjoy winter sports together. The event, held at the Berghotel Rudolfshütte, will be staffed by pediatric diabetologists and other diabetes professionals. The event is funded through donations, and individuals can contribute to support these programs by donating to diabetesDE with the reference “Diabetes-Camps.” The bank details are: Bank für Sozialwirtschaft, IBAN: DE63 3702 0500 0001 1888 00, BIC: BFSWDE33XXX.
Key Takeaways
- Proactive Monitoring: Frequent blood glucose checks are essential before, during, and after winter sports activities.
- Insulin & Carb Adjustment: Be prepared to adjust insulin dosages and carbohydrate intake based on activity levels and glucose trends.
- Device Protection: Protect insulin pumps and CGMs from cold temperatures by keeping them close to the body and having spare batteries readily available.
- Hydration & Nutrition: Stay hydrated and consume appropriate carbohydrates to maintain stable blood glucose levels.
- Listen to Your Body: Pay attention to how your body responds to exercise and adjust your plan accordingly.
The increasing participation of athletes with Type 1 diabetes in high-level competitions, like the Winter Olympics, demonstrates that this condition doesn’t have to be a barrier to achieving athletic goals. With careful planning, diligent monitoring, and a proactive approach to management, individuals with Type 1 diabetes can safely and confidently enjoy the benefits of winter sports. The next major event to watch is the 2026 Winter Olympics in Milan and Cortina d’Ampezzo, where athletes like Hannah Schmidt will continue to inspire and break down barriers.
Do you have experience with winter sports and Type 1 diabetes? Share your tips and experiences in the comments below, and please share this article with anyone who might discover it helpful.