Does eating less live longer? ‘The cell renews itself during prolonged hunger’

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We often hear news that nutrition style has an impact on longevity and that healthy and good nutrition improves the quality of life. Many studies conducted to date attribute the common point of long-lived people to their low-calorie diet. For this reason, experts say that one of the keys to a long life, which is everyone’s dream, is food and staying at a healthy weight, he says. So, is this information really proven to be accurate? Does eating less really live longer?

“Put a lab mouse on a diet and calories If their intake is reduced by 30-40%, they live on average 30 percent longer. “Here, caloric restriction should not be so extreme that the animal becomes malnourished, but aggressive enough to trigger some important biological changes.”

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Scientists first discovered this in the 1930s. These studies have been repeated on various species, from monkeys to worms, over the last 90 years. Later studies also found that most calorie-restricted animals were less likely to develop cancer and other chronic diseases associated with aging. Despite all the research, experts still debate how this works and whether the amount of calories consumed or the time period in which they are eaten is more important.

It’s still frustratingly unclear whether eating less could also help people live longer.

Why does reducing calorie intake extend life?

It’s not clear exactly why eating less would cause an animal or human to live longer, but many hypotheses on the subject have an evolutionary bent. Animals in the wild experience periods of abundance and famine, just as our human ancestors did. Therefore, human biology has evolved to survive and thrive not only in seasons of abundance, but also in seasons of deprivation.

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One of the theories put forward on this subject is that calorie restriction at the cellular level makes animals more resistant to physical stressors. For example, mice whose caloric intake was restricted had greater resistance to toxins and healed faster in the event of injury, said James Nelson, professor of cellular and integrative physiology at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio.

Another explanation relates to the fact that eating fewer calories slows metabolism in both humans and animals.

Speaking to The New York Times, Dr., an associate professor of medicine at Duke University School of Medicine who studies calorie restriction in humans. Kim Huffman says, “The less your body has to metabolize, the longer it can live. You know, if you just slow down the wheels, the tires will last longer.” said.

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There are a few notable exceptions to the findings regarding longevity and calorie restriction. Most strikingly, Dr. It was a study Nelson published in 2010 on genetically diverse mice. He found that some mice lived longer when they ate less, but a larger percentage actually had a shorter lifespan, but other researchers, Dr. They disputed the significance of Nelson’s findings.

Kaynak: The New York Times

Two studies conducted on monkeys over 20 years and published in 2009 and 2012 reported conflicting findings. In both experiments, the animals saw some health benefits associated with calorie restriction, but only one group lived longer and had lower rates of age-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes.

TOO LESS OR MORE IS HARMFUL

Internal Medicine / Geriatrics Specialist Prof. stated that the idea that eating less prolongs life has been known for thousands of years, and that the benefits of eating less for mental and physical health have been discussed in all kinds of philosophies and health, from Buddhism to Islam. Dr. Berrin Karadağ said that what is actually mentioned here is that eating too much is harmful rather than eating too little.

“If we do not eat what our body needs, our body will become weak. Even if we take more than our body needs, it is stored in the form of fat in all our organs. “Too little is as harmful as too much,” said Karadağ, adding that by “few calories” he meant enough calories, and that the genetic structure of the human body could not adapt to the pace of development of technology and explained this situation as follows:

Our genetics still tells us to find plenty of food, but be hungry from time to time. But technology has developed so much that we go to the markets and boxes of food are presented to us in oiled, salted and sweetened form. Technology feeds us, but our genetic structure tells us that overeating is still harmful because the consumption of these foods is dangerous because they have too many calories.

IT REDUCES IMMUNITY, INCREASES THE RISK OF DISEASES

Stating that if we eat this way, our immune system will be suppressed and our chances of catching diseases will increase, Karadağ reminded us of a saying he always said: “Perfect is the enemy of the good. “We should eat in a way that keeps our body in balance, not to achieve perfection, but without being stuck with rules such as don’t do this, don’t do that.”

CELLS RENEW THEMSELVES DURING PROLONGED FASTING

Stating that the calories needed by an 18-20-year-old person are not the same as the calories needed by a 70-year-old person, and therefore it is necessary to reduce calorie intake, Karadağ underlined that as a Geriatrician, they do not want people over the age of 65 to be too skinny and that they want their body mass index to be between 25-35. he drew. On the other hand, he added that eating less and taking less calories in young people reduces insulin resistance and increases growth hormone, which is a type of antiaging, and that cells begin to renew themselves after prolonged fasting.

Karadağ said that pregnant women, breastfeeding women, the elderly, diabetic patients and those using insulin should avoid prolonged fasting and added:

“Evidence-based medicine tells us that the sun should shine on our bodies in the morning, that we should have a good breakfast, reduce lunch, and have a light dinner. This rule should not change. In summary, if it is done in certain people and at times when the eating hours are compatible with the metabolism, that is, if we do not eat at night and eat mostly in the morning. intermittent fasting “It can be healthy.”

Stating that we will protect ourselves from many diseases if we do not consume more calories than necessary and consume the calories we need with reduced calories, Karadağ said that if we consume as many calories as we need, we will be protected from diseases such as vascular fat, abdominal fat, insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, and heart diseases.

Dr. Nelson said, “It’s up to people life “I don’t think we have any evidence that it prolongs life, but that doesn’t mean it doesn’t work, it’s just that it’s very difficult to get evidence because it takes a lifetime to get that data.” said.

A clinical trial called the Calerie study sought to answer this question by examining how reducing calories by 25 percent for two years affected a range of measures related to aging. More than 100 healthy adults were counseled to help them reach their diet goals. However, because it is so difficult to reduce calories, participants were only able to reduce their calorie intake by around 11%. Comparing the two groups, the dieters appeared to improve several aspects of their cardio-metabolic health, including blood pressure and insulin sensitivity, and had lower levels of some inflammation. Working on the trial, Dr. Calorie restriction “doesn’t make people younger, but it slows the rate of aging,” Huffman said.

Kaynak: The New York Times

Professor of pathology at the University of Michigan, Dr. According to Richard Miller, the most important conclusion from this study is that the 25 to 40 percent calorie restriction shown to be beneficial in animals is not realistic in humans.

Other studies have focused on the short-term effects of intermittent fasting in people with various body mass indexes. Some studies testing various fasting programs showed improved metabolic health and reduced inflammation.

Despite nearly a century of research, there is still a long way to go before experts can be sure whether the longevity benefits seen in animals will translate to humans. Some studies show that calorie restriction and intermittent fasting will help you live longer and improve your heart and metabolic health, especially your heart and metabolic health. health provides reasons to believe that there may be short-term benefits when it comes to But it’s also possible that eating less will do little more than leave you hungry.