The Assassination of a Mayor adn the Fractured Fight Against Cartel Violence in Mexico
The brutal assassination of Uruapan Mayor Roberto Manzo, gunned down during a Day of the Dead celebration with his family, is more than just a local tragedy. It’s a stark illustration of the escalating crisis of cartel violence in Mexico, a crisis that’s testing the limits of the government’s strategies and fueling a growing sense of despair among citizens. The killing has ignited protests, reignited debate over the efficacy of current security policies, and raised unsettling questions about the future of rule of law in a nation grappling with deeply entrenched criminal power.
“It feels like a terror movie in which the bad guys win,” lamented María Guadalupe Rodríguez,a nurse in Uruapan,echoing the sentiment of many Mexicans who feel increasingly besieged. “The sad part is that it’s not a movie: It’s what we live with.”
The attack,described by Security Minister Omar García Harfuch as a “well-planned cartel hit,” underscores the audacity and reach of organized crime in Mexico. Despite a security detail,the assailants managed to bypass Manzo’s protection,highlighting the challenges of safeguarding even high-profile officials. Authorities are currently investigating which of the numerous criminal organizations operating in the region orchestrated the murder.
A City Built on “green Gold” Under Siege
Uruapan, nestled in the avocado-rich hills of Michoacán, is ground zero for a particularly lucrative battleground. The region produces the vast majority of Mexico’s avocados – a $3 billion annual export to the United States,earning them the moniker “green gold.” This immense wealth, however, has attracted a complex web of armed groups who systematically extort money from every level of the avocado industry, from growers and packers to truckers and exporters.
This isn’t a new phenomenon. Nearly two decades ago, then-President Felipe Calderón launched Mexico’s ”war on drugs” in Michoacán, deploying troops to dismantle the burgeoning power of cartels. While intended to quell the violence, the strategy arguably backfired. It fueled an arms race, equipping gangs with increasingly refined weaponry to match the military’s firepower, and exacerbated infighting as cartel leaders were captured or killed.
“The initial intent was to disrupt, but it inadvertently created a more fragmented and violent landscape,” explains Dr. Alejandro Hope, a security analyst specializing in Mexican organized crime. “You remove a kingpin, and you don’t eliminate the organization, you simply create a power vacuum that others rush to fill.”
From “Hugs, Not Bullets” to Renewed scrutiny
When Andrés Manuel López Obrador (AMLO) took office in 2018, he promised a radical departure from his predecessor’s approach. He argued that the militarized strategy had turned Mexico into a “graveyard” and pledged to address the root causes of violence – poverty, inequality, and lack of opportunity. His strategy, frequently enough characterized as “hugs, not bullets,” emphasized social programs and a more restrained military role, focusing on intelligence gathering and avoiding direct confrontations with cartels whenever possible.
However, AMLO’s approach has faced fierce criticism.Violent crime has spiked during his presidency, leading many to question the effectiveness of prioritizing social welfare over direct security measures.
Claudia sheinbaum, AMLO’s protégé and current frontrunner in the upcoming presidential election, has largely continued his policies, while attempting to bolster intelligence capabilities and strengthen the rule of law. Her governance has made meaningful arrests, extraditing dozens of suspects to the United States for prosecution.
But for Mayor Manzo, Sheinbaum’s strategy felt like a continuation of the same failed policies. He publicly advocated for a more aggressive approach, echoing calls for tactics similar to those employed by Salvadoran President Nayib Bukele, who has controversially locked up tens of thousands of alleged gang members, often bypassing due process. manzo’s stance earned him the nickname “the Mexican Bukele,” a label that reflects a growing appetite for hardline solutions among some segments of the population.
A Nation Losing faith
The public reaction to Manzo’s assassination is a potent indicator of the eroding trust in the government’s ability to provide security. Protests erupted in Uruapan and morelia, the state capital, with demonstrators condemning Sheinbaum and her Morena party for what they perceive as a permissive attitude towards crime. While largely peaceful, the protests descended into vandalism in Morelia, with demonstrators breaching the state government palace and causing damage, leading to arrests.
